Date: Sat, 25 Nov 2000 16:13:32 -0800
From: "Ingri Cassel" 
Organization: Vaclib


Many of my future emails will be coming from Sheri Nakken --a full-time
activist....
***************************************************
If you would like, you can comment on this piece of tripe by writing to
newsonline@bbc.co.uk.  Sheri

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/health/newsid_981000/981452.stm
From BBC News
Friday, 20 October, 2000, 11:28 GMT 12:28 UK
              How vaccines are made

              Mass manufacture of poliovirus vaccine started in the
              1950s
              Many people would be surprised at the
              animal-based ingredients scientists must use
              to mass-produce vaccines.

              The new scare over poliovirus vaccines made
              using calf foetuses could draw attention to
              what goes on behind the scenes.

              Vaccines have undoubtedly been one of the
              greatest triumphs of medicine, pushing back
              feared diseases like smallpox and polio, and
              threatening to do the same to killers such as
              meningitis.

              Patients see a clear liquid in a syringe - but
              back in the laboratory a wide variety of
              complex processes are used to make it, many
              incorporating cells or body chemicals which
              originate from the animal kingdom.

              But scientists are adamant that a long history
              of using such materials has produced no health
              problems as a result.

              There are two ways in which animal material is
              used to make vaccines.

              The first is the use of animal cells as
              "nurseries" for the modified viruses doctors
              want to use as the main ingredient of a
              vaccine.

              Chicks and monkeys

              The scientist has to find a cell in which the
              virus in question will replicate to produce more
              copies of itself.

              Scientists have "cell lines" - immortal cells that
              can keep on dividing indefinitely, derived
              originally from a variety of sources, including
              monkeys, hamsters, or from human foetuses.

              Some viruses - such as
              the flu virus - can be
              cultured within chick
              foetus cells.

              However, this active
              process may need a
              little encouragement,
              such as supplies of
              glucose for energy, and
              other chemicals.

              The cells are bathed in
              a "soup" made up of
              these ingredients, and frequently include other
              organic chemicals such as growth factors,
              which can help the cells to develop.

              Although human growth factors can be
              extracted, these do not provide as reliable
              results as other factors, such as foetal calf
              serum, which is widely used.

              It is this chemical which is at the centre of the
              current scare over poliovirus vaccine.

              'Bovril for cells'

              Dr Deborah Scopes, a spokesman for the
              British Society of Immunology, said: "This is
              like Bovril for cells.

              "It's a big broth which helps growth."

              Once sufficient numbers of the virus have been
              replicated, the manufacturers use complex
              filtration and purification processes to try to
              remove everything but the viruses from the
              vaccine.

              Dr Scopes said: "The quality control
              mechanisms are amazing. Basically it is a bad
              idea to have anything but the virus itself in the
              vaccine.

              "You don't want to produce an immune
              response to cow tissue - you want to produce
              the biggest immune response possible to the
              viruses, to make the vaccine effective."

              The problems with one brand of poliovirus stem
              from foetal calf serum which has been sourced
              in the UK.

              The theoretical risk is that if the serum was
              drawn from a calf foetus carrying the proteins
              thought to be the infective agent of BSE,
              some of those proteins might remain in a
              vaccine given orally to children.

              The purification process used to remove
              everything but the viruses renders this even
              less likely.
****
"OH Really????"
--------------------------------------------------------
Sheri Nakken, R.N., MA
Vaccination Information & Choice Network, Nevada City CA
530-272-7306
http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/vaccine.htm
     "All that is necessary for the triumph of evil  is that good men (&
women) do nothing"...Edmund Burke

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